Examples: Hydrochlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide
Dosing: once daily in the morning (due to urinary diuresis effect)
Efficacy: one of the first line drugs for hypertension: antihypertensive effect seen at half of the maximum dose (ceiling effect). Less effective in reduced creatinine clearance.
Adverse Effects:
-Electrolyte abnormalities: hyponatremia, hypokalemia
-Gout
-Photosensitivity
-May increase glucose or lipid levels
Drug Interactions:
-increased QT prolongation risk with other drugs: due to diuretic-induced hypokalemia
-lithium: diuretics may lead to increased lithium reabsorption and toxicity