Examples: empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, ertugliflozin
Benefits: reduced progression to heart failure, renal disease, cardiovascular event (but loses effectiveness in severe renal impairment)
Mechanism: Inhibits the sodium-glucose transporter, preventing reuptake of glucose and leading to glucose urination.
Dose: once daily, most are taken before breakfast to ensure full benefit of action (urination)
Adverse Effects:
-frequent urination
-mild weight loss
-dizziness (slight decrease in blood pressure)
-genital and urinary tract infections (fungal too)
-increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis
-slight risk of hyperkalemia
Drug Interactions:
loop diuretics such as furosemide (and other diuretics) - increased hypotension risk