Rapid-Acting: Humalog (insulin lispro), Apidra (insulin glulisine), Novorapid (insulin aspart)
-inject 15 minutes and up until prior to meal
-faster onset, faster peak, shorter duration of action
Ultra-Rapid: Fiasp (insulin aspart)
-inject at the start of meal or within 20 minutes of starting to eat
-ultra fast onset, faster peak, shorter duration of action
Short Acting: Humulin R (regular insulin)
-inject 30 minutes prior to meal
-slower onset, later peak, longer duration of action
Adverse Effects:
-hypogylcemia (<4 mmol/L) is common
-weight gain
Drug Interactions:
-increased hypoglycemia risk with other diabetic agents, especially sulfonylureas, meglitinides
-increased risk of hypoglycemia with GLP-1 agents such as liraglutide, semaglutide: a 50% reduction in insulin is recommended
-contraindicated with pioglitazone due to risk of heart failure and edema